What Is Subnetting And Why Need To Use It

 Hearing the word Subnetting does sound strange to us but not to IT consultants. Simply put, subnetting is the process of dividing a large network into several smaller networks. The following is a more complete explanation of What is Subnetting and why do we need to use it?

What is Subnetting

Subnetting is a strategy used to partition a single physical network into more than one smaller logical sub-network (subnet). The IP address includes the network segment as well as the host segment. Subnets are designed by receiving bits from the host portion of an IP address and using these bits to define several smaller subnets within the original network.

Subnetting allows an organization to add sub-networks without the need to obtain a new network number through an Internet service provider (ISP). Subnetting helps reduce network traffic as well as hide network complexity. Subnetting is especially useful when a single network number must be allocated to multiple local area network (LAN) segments.

So simply Subnetting is a process that allows administrators to divide a Class A, Class B, or Class C network number into smaller parts and these subnets can be changed again into sub-subnets.

Why Use Subnetting

An organization may use IP subnets to divide a larger network for a number of reasons including firewalls or physical requirements such as smaller broadcast domains. In other words, routers use subnets to make routing choices. Subnetting can also improve network security.

With division between subnets, a company or organization can control who has access. Subnetting also helps relieve network congestion and also serves to redistribute network capacity and allows data packets to flow directly to their intended destinations without having to go through a single bottleneck.

Subnetting function

1. IP Address Reallocation

Internet addresses are allocated by InterNIC, the organization that administers the Internet. These IP addresses are divided into classes. The most common are class A, B, and C. Each class has a limited number of host allocations, for example, a network with more than 254 devices requires Class B allocation.

If a network administrator is working with a Class B or C network and needs to allocate 150 hosts to three physical networks located in three different cities, this means they need to request more blocks of addresses for each network or divide the network into subnets that allow the administrator to use one block of addresses on each network. some physical network.

2. Eliminate Network Congestion

If a lot of packet traffic is running and you intend to share it regularly between the same group of computers, placing them on the same subnet can reduce network traffic. Without a subnet, all computers and servers on the network will see the data packets from every other computer. When traffic is directed to the right port, it slows down.

3. Improve Network Security

Subnetting allows network administrators to mitigate network-wide threats by quarantining agreed-upon parts of the network and by making it more difficult for intruders to move around your network.

Subnetting analogy

To make it easier to understand subnetting, we analogize that there is a street called Gatot Subroto consisting of several houses numbered 01-08, with house number 08 being the house of the head of the RT who has the task of announcing any information to all houses in the Jl. Gatot Subroto.

When there are more and more houses in that area, of course there is a possibility that there will be traffic jams. Because of this, another arrangement was made, alleys were made, the houses that entered the alley were given new house numbers, each alley had its own RT head. So this will solve congestion, efficiency and optimization of transportation, and each alley has its own privileges in managing its territory.

Jl. Gatot Subroto with houses around it can be applied to networks such as NETWORK ADDRESS (street name) and HOST ADDRESS (house number). While the Head of RT is played as BROADCAST ADDRESS, whose job is to send messages to all hosts on the network.

So what is a subnet mask? The subnet mask is used to read how we divide streets and alleys, or divide networks and hosts. The subnet mask is also used so that we can find out which addresses function as SUBNET, HOST and BROADCAST. But suppose there are also roads in other settlements that don't have alleys, that means it's like we use the Default Subnetmask, or in other words it can also be said that the Network doesn't have subnets (Roads without Ganges).

Conclusion

So What Is Subnetting? Subnetting, or subnetworking, is the process of splitting a single large network into two or more strands. This means that very large and unwieldy networks can be subdivided into smaller, more localized networks.

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Resa Risyan

Just an ordinary person who wants to share a little knowledge, hopefully the knowledge I provide can be useful for all of us. Keep in mind! Useful knowledge is an investment in the afterlife.